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You and Me Together, Measles Elimination, Hepatitis B Control

来源：卫生部网站时间：2010-04-24 阅读数：2696 编辑：xk

　　卫生部世界卫生组织联合新闻发布会发布词之二
　　good morning everyone.
　　who has supported the development of immunization services in many countries around the world since smallpox was successfully eradicated in 1980. 30 years later, large scale use of vaccines has prevented millions of deaths from many diseases worldwide. two key examples of this success are measles and hepatitis b. these two diseases are the focus of immunization efforts in who's western pacific region because they cause many cases of illness and many deaths, and can be prevented through vaccination.
　　vaccines have changed the picture in terms of measles worldwide. people may sometimes think that measles is a relatively mild disease. however, who estimates that in 2000, measles caused 733,000 deaths worldwide. since then, an international initiative has promoted the large scale use of the vaccine, including in campaigns. as a result, by 2008, the number of global measles deaths had decreased to 164,000 (a reduction of 78%). all regions of the world now have measles elimination goals.
　　china is strongly committed to eliminating measles. in 2010, a vaccination campaign throughout the country will help china to stop transmission of measles. this campaign will be the largest ever held in the world, and will target approximately 100 million children. the decision to conduct this campaign was taken in consultation with who and is based on the success of similar national campaigns in other countries.
　　hepatitis b is a disease that children get early in life. it damages the liver slowly and leads to severe disease, and potentially death, later in life, during adulthood. hepatitis b has been one of the major health problems in china. in 1992, the government started to immunize children in the country on a large scale. as a result, the disease has almost completely disappeared among younger children. these children will be able to grow up healthy, protected from this cause of disease or death.
　　china has shown strong commitment to providing immunization services for children. as of late 2007, all children are eligible to receive vaccines that prevent 12 diseases through the expanded program on immunization (epi). these vaccines are free of charge. vaccines to prevent 3 additional diseases are available free of charge for certain high-risk populations. all vaccines used in the epi are manufactured in china.
　　china has also made many efforts to increase the safety and the quality of its vaccines. today, the international market expresses interest in a number of vaccines produced in china, including japanese encephalitis and h1n1 vaccine. who and chinese authorities are collaborating so that in the near future, united nations agencies could be in a position to purchase vaccine from china.
　　as with all medications, use of vaccines can lead to adverse events, although serious events are extremely rare. however, when an enormous number of individuals is vaccinated – as happens in china – some side effects are unavoidable. nonetheless, the benefit provided by the use of vaccines far outweighs the burden of side effects. to ensure the highest safety profile possible, china, like many countries, monitors adverse events carefully. this allows the authorities to document the safety of the vaccines used and detect any unusual event that might occur.
　　while strong regulation and supervision are crucial to ensure the efficacy and safety of vaccines, we all have a role to play for vaccines to benefit society as much as possible. we need to work together to ensure that everyone who is recommended for vaccination actually receives it, and we hope that the media can help to raise public awareness of this need on national immunization day and beyond.
　　thank you.
　　
　　大家早上好。
　　自从1980年成功根除天花后，世卫组织就在世界许多国家支持其发展免疫服务。30年后，大范围接种疫苗工作，使得全球数百万人免于死于多种疾病。麻疹和乙肝就是两个重要的成功案例。由于这两种疾病造成很多人发病和死亡，并且可以通过免疫接种来预防，因此，它们也是世卫组织西太平洋区域的免疫工作重点。
　　疫苗让全球的麻疹状况发生了改变。人们有时可能以为，麻疹是一种相对较轻的疾病；但世卫组织估计，2000年，麻疹造成全球73.3万人死亡。此后，国际活动推动了疫苗的大规模应用，包括各种接种活动。因此，到2008年，全球因麻疹死亡人数减少到16.4万（减少了78％）。现在，世界所有区域都树立了消除麻疹的目标。
　　中国坚定地致力于消除麻疹工作。2010年的全国性接种活动将帮助中国阻断麻疹的传播。这次接种活动将是世界上最大规模的一次接种活动，将有约1亿儿童接受免疫。开展这次活动的决定是与世卫组织磋商、并借鉴了其他国家的成功经验后做出的。
　　乙肝是儿童幼时感染的一种疾病。它让肝脏慢慢受到损害，导致严重疾病，并可能在成年时造成死亡。乙肝在中国一直是重要的公共卫生问题之一。政府从1992年开始，对全国儿童进行大规模免疫接种，使得该病在较小的孩子中几乎完全消失。这些儿童将健康成长，不会再罹患或死于乙肝。
　　中国坚定地致力于为儿童提供免疫服务。截至2007年底，所有孩子都可通过国家扩大免疫规划（epi）接种可预防12种疾病的疫苗。这些疫苗是免费的。另有预防其他3种疾病的疫苗对某些高危人群是免费的。扩大免疫规划的疫苗均为国产。
　　中国还努力提高国产疫苗的安全性和质量。目前，国际市场已表示出对中国生产的乙脑及h1n1疫苗的兴趣。世卫组织和中国当局正在合作，以便在不久的将来，联合国机构可以从中国购买疫苗。
　　同所有药物一样，接种疫苗也可能导致不良反应，尽管不良反应很罕见。当接种人数巨大时，就像在中国这样，某些不良反应是无法避免的。但接种疫苗所带来的好处远远超过其不良反应的弊端。为确保疫苗尽可能的安全，中国同许多国家一样，严密监测不良事件。这使当局能够记录疫苗的安全性，并监测到可能发生的任何异常事件。
　　强有力的监管和监督对确保疫苗的有效性和安全性，至关重要；同时我们每个人都有责任，让疫苗给社会带来最大的效益。我们要共同努力，确保每个应接种疫苗的人都能接种疫苗。在全国免疫日和未来的日子里，我们希望媒体也能在提高公众意识方面，发挥作用。
　　谢谢。

(作者：WHO)